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News from a wargamer with a special interest in the military history of the Balkans. It mainly covers my current reading and wargaming projects. For more detail you can visit the web sites I edit - Balkan Military History and Glasgow & District Wargaming Society. Or follow me on Twitter @Balkan_Dave
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Sunday, 3 August 2025

Partisan Warfare in Greece 1941-44

 A new Osprey on a Balkan theme is a no-brainer for me. This is a rare, little-explored corner of the Second World War, as well, by Phoebus Atanassiou.


A brief introduction sets the scene following the Greek campaign and the occupation of Greece by German, Italian and Bulgarian troops. Germany's primary interest was less about Greece itself, but instead defending the Romanian oilfields from the Allied bombing. The Axis Powers divided Greece into three occupation zones. Germany controlled the most strategically important areas; Bulgaria occupied (and annexed) eastern Macedonia, western Thrace and the islands of Thassos and Samothraki; and Italy took over the remainder of the Greek mainland, eastern Crete (Lasithi prefecture), and the south Aegean Sea and Ionian Sea islands.

Despite the best efforts of the Allies, there wasn't a unified resistance in Greece. Two broad coalitions dominated partisan warfare in Greece. ELAS was the military arm of EAM, a KKE-dominated loose coalition of pre-war left-wing political parties, all but uprooted in by the repressive regime of Ioannis Metaxas. It moved to the left during the war, dominated by the Communist Party. On the right stood EDES (later renamed EOEA), the brainchild of a group of Athens-based Republican-minded political and military figures. It moved away from liberal politics and became pro-monarchist. Britain supported the monarchist government in exile, but recognised that ELAS was the most effective force on the ground. Both sides fought each other as well as the Axis.

The author describes how both groups were organised. They were much closer to the Yugoslav model than resistance groups in France, with military structures and permanent units. Weapons and uniforms were sourced from the former Greek army stocks, supplemented by Allied air drops, and whatever could be captured from Axis depots. The Italian surrender in 1943 was very helpful in this regard. However, ammunition was always limited. An interesting development was ELAS's small naval fleet, which makes Cruel Seas scenarios possible. Overall, ELAS had around 67,000 men under arms. EDES was much smaller, growing to around 5,000 by the summer of 1943, and 12,000 in 1944. EDES had an effective truce with the Germans in 1943-44. The Allied military mission in Greece fielded no more than 400 men.

The occupation forces are also covered. The success of Allied diversionary operations meant that larger German forces were kept in Greece than needed - 100,000 in 1944. However, other than a core of veterans, they were typically second-line units. The ORBAT is dominated by fortress and jager units, without the usual heavy weapons. The Italian forces were generally poor, and suffered from low morale. Bulgaria annexed their occupation region and enforced the Bulgarisation of the population. Unlike the Italians they actively deported the Jewish population. Bulgaria deployed around 70,000 troops, mostly reservists. The Greek puppet government was allowed to recruit collaborationist units, and nine security battalions were organised by the end of the war.

As you would expect from this series, there are lots of period photographs and colour plates of the main troop types. A very useful addition to the series and plenty of scope for small scale skirmishes on the table-top as well as larger scale anti-partisan sweeps.

Some of my 28mm Bulgarian troops.


Claymore 2025

 Yesterday was the second of the big Scottish wargame shows. Claymore is held in Edinburgh College's Granton Campus. Public transport is not brilliant, but it is a large venue, with good car parking, catering, and you can avoid the city centre, always a plus during the Edinburgh Fringe!

The GDWS participation game was 'Coming, Suvorov', based on the Battle of Rymnik 1789, fought in modern Romania during the Russo/Austro-Ottoman War of 1787-92. We have been playtesting the Lust for Glory rules written by Simon Miller, and got some helpful feedback from players who were not familiar with his medieval and ECW variants. The eagle-eyed will notice the terrain was a lot flatter than that implied by the map I used in the handout. While it's a good diagram showing the direction the armies moved, it incorrectly suggests mountainous terrain. Having visited the battlefield in April, the terrain can best be described as rolling, although with some gullies, which were important in the battle.





And we won a wee prize. Very chuffed.

The problem with running a participation game is that you don't get to spend much time looking at other games. I also bought very little, other than some scenic items. During a quick sortie, these games caught my eye, in no particular order.

Samurai games are popular at shows this year. There were at least two, and the siege buildings were very impressive. It includes a memory of Derek Hodge, a past Claymore organiser, who sadly passed away last year.



Nearby, in the main hall, my pals at South Ayrshire Gamers were using Midgard for the Battle of Doon Valley, an Irish mythology game.


The guys at Glasgow Phoenix with two Mumakils, in their Lord of the Rings game.


Vietnam make popular participation games, even if finding your units can be tricky.


A rugged Peninsular War battle, using a set of rules I hadn't seen before.


In the Atrium, which was thankfully not too hot, amphibious games always look good.


My apologies to this game, as I'm not sure what it is, but the village is excellent.


The Durham guys always do striking big games. This is no exception.


More 30 Years' War from Glasgow Tradeston.


A small, but perfectly formed naval action


The Gothenburgers like a quirky game, and this Wild West game, with proper toys, meets the criteria.


Finally, back in the main hall, TSS were running a Balkan game (how dare they!), based on Dioran 1913. This is the 2nd Balkan War, rather than the better-known WW1 battles there. They used Bloody Big battles, which work well for this conflict.



As always, thanks to the South East Scotland Wargaming Club for the enormous amount of work that goes into a show like this. An excellent day out.